Symptoms and treatment of varicose veins in the legs

Varicosis is a trick of our time.According to clinical research, on the planet, about half of the entire population suffers from one or another form of pathological disorders of the circulating-vascular system.Women, in their physiological characteristics, are more prone to disease.Their number is up to 40% of the total number of patients.While men are only in 20% of cases that are subject to this blood vessel pathology.

Most often, people of the middle age group (30-40 years) and the elderly suffer from violation of venous blood flow.The first disease affects the lower limbs.

Symptoms and treatment of varicose veins in the legs are closely interconnected and provide a preventive blood vessel examination for the choice of proper therapy.

Clinical

The dysfunction of the venous blood flow develops due to damage to the vein valves of perforants, overload and their deformation.When the work of the deep (inner) arteries is disturbed, the blood circulation becomes chaotic, which leads to its ingestion and the formation of characteristic joints.Not intended for transporting such a powerful blood flow, the thin veins are stretched, forming vascular balls and the famous blue "snakes" (winding veins, which appear on the surface of the skin).Such defects are clearly visible to the free eye or for palpation of the country of destruction.

Varicose veins belong to progressive pathologies, which without timely treatment are filled with healthy complications and disability.Incorrect blood reflux has different manifestations, depending on the severity of the condition of patients with blood vessels, and is expressed through an increase in intellectual pressure and the appearance of excessive leg fatigue, swelling, severity in the legs and ankles, regular convulsions.In advanced cases of varicose veins in the sites of vascular damage, the formation of wounds, ulcers and blood clots is possible.

Varicosis is primary and secondary.In addition to the lower extremities, the site of relocation of the disease is also the stomach, esophagus, pelvic organs, testicles, seed cords, penis, colon.In case of violation of the blood flow of deep veins, the pathology continues quite difficult, leading to weakening of the blood vessel walls, expanding the inner cavity of the arteries and the passage of the disease into a chronic form (venous insufficiency).Therefore, the earlier the varicose veins are diagnosed, the higher the chances of recovery and the less risk of pathological complications.

Because of what is formed

The causes of venous enlargement are different factors.Conventionally, they can be divided into basic and secondary.The main sources of varicose veins are:

• Constant severe physical exercise;
• Long stand with a static position - sitting or standing;
• Adverse environmental conditions - for example, constantly high air temperature;
• Body weight fluctuations or chronic overweight;
• Hormonal imbalance - a period of pregnancy or menopause;
• Diseases of the endocrine system;
• Inherited predisposition-genetic, manifested in the features of the blood vessel structure, namely the congenital anatomical inferiority of the venous valves and the weakness of the connective tissue of the arterial walls;
• Neuroses.

Moreover, indirectly causing dysfunction of the venous-vascular system can:

1. Systematically repeated stresses affecting the condition of the arteries and nerve endings, causing an increase in an increase in pressure and elasticity;
2. Classes of professional sports with the main emphasis on the lower extremities - ribbon raising, long direction, etc.;
3. Wearing unpleasant clothes and shoes - a thing that is tight in the pelvis and feet, tight and tight shoes with high legs in the area;
4. Previously transferred damage to the lower extremities (fractures);
5. An elderly era, as a result of which the functionality of the epithelial cells the fronts, contributing to the weakening of the vein walls, damaged valves and an increase in the inner volume of the arteries.

In history, the development of varicose veins, as a rule, is stimulated not by one, but by a complex of factors.

Symptoms of the disease

Varicose veins can have a variety of manifestations that depend on the degree of complexity of the pathology and physiological characteristics of the patient's body.In accordance with the phases of the varicose veins, the following symptoms of blood vessels are observed:

• Venous patterns or "stars" (telangioectasia) on the skin;

• Swelling of the limbs, especially at the end of the day;
• Leg pain or along the veins when felt;
• Recurrent periodic convulsions;
• Fatigue, especially on walks;
• Visual manifestation of veins on the surface of the skin;
• Feeling of aggravation on foot;
• Burning in vein lesion sites;
• Itching muscle;
• Pain of nature and various pains;
• Formation of deception veins in the area of the feet and feet;
• Dermatological changes in the skin - the appearance of dryness, pigmentation, darkening;
• The development of dermatitis, eczema and trophic disorders in the form of wounds and non -healing;
• Compressing the skin in the places of progression of varicose veins;
• Hematoma formation.

Rarely, but sometimes it happens, rupture of the venous joints and the appearance of subcutaneous bleeding.In this case, the situation requires urgent medical care and surgical intervention.

Symptoms can occur from adolescence.Developing unbearable, after a while the disease makes itself feel from a measure of unpleasant consequences for health.If at least one is present from the above signs, an examination must be subjected immediately.Heals patients with phlebologist or surgeon.

ClaSSIFICaTION

Based on the decision of the community of international scientists, the pathological expansion of the veins of the lower extremities is the habit of arranging according to the special classifier of CEAP anatomy or clinical etiology.Based on this typology, varicose veins have 6 clinical stages:

1. Zero.Important subjective complaints of the patient are anti -symptoms of varicose veins, but with visual examination and medical examination, visible signs of the disease are still in absentia.
2. I rank.On the surface of the skin, small vascular nets, rare edema, aggravation, burning, a feeling of "buzzing" standing.
3. II degrees.It is considered the starting point of the real varicose veins.It is characterized by an external external manifestation of enlarged vessels, the formation of venous joints that worsen after a long stay in a static state or high behavior.Starting from this stage, thrombosis is observed.
4. III degrees.Symptoms of the second group are joined by regular swelling, more noticeable by the end of the day and attraction, painful pain in calves.
5. Grade IV.Trophic changes in the skin are observed.Due to excess accumulation in the pigment epidermis, the skin begins to change its color from dark brown to black.It is also possible to develop minor local inflammation in the form of erythema or wet wounds, leading to the atrophy of dermis and ulcers over time.
6. V staircase.It has the same course as the fifth phase, but with the trophic obtained ulceration.
7. Vi rank.It is characterized by severe progress with the formation of wounds and ulcers inquired.

Varicose veins are serious.Without timely treatment and continuous prevention, it quickly progresses and leads to irreversible consequences and severe consequences, to death.Only 10 years are enough from making a diagnosis of varicose veins, so that the pathology from stage 1 develops in VI-YU.

Complications

The effect of varicose veins on the body is extremely negative.If at first, the disease does not manifest in any way, causing only rare discomfort and insignificant cosmetic defects, then in later stages the pathology becomes a pronounced character and leads to serious health consequences in the long run.Changes occur at a deeper level, affecting the entire functional system of the body.

So, as a result of the disturbance of reflux and venous blood stagnation in the arteries, access to oxygen -saturated blood supply to the tissues and organs slows down, causing oxygen hunger and, as a result, hypoxia.At the same time, the pressure inside the arteries increases, expanding and increasing venous canal vessels in volume.In the body, toxins, from -metabolism products begin to accumulate in the body, causing everywhere inflammation of the skin (dermatitis) and the pathological condition of the subcutaneous tissue (cellulite).On the walls of the toddlers, irreversible changes occur.

The greatest risk of varicose veins is its complications manifested against its background.The most common and common consequences of damaged reflux are:

• Swelling of the lower extremities, which becomes constant and does not go through a long break;
• Static pain in the legs of varying intensity;
• Periods of muscle cramps, increasing at their frequency;
• Constant fatigue and exacerbation;
• Increased weakness and body temperature;
• The development of dermatitis, manifested in the form of a itching rash;
• Chronic skin inflammation (eczema);
• Formation of open trophic ulcers;
• Severe arterial bleeding during damage due to impaired blood coagulation;
• Obesity (accumulation) at places of blood veins stretching and forming blood clots, blocking the inner space of a diseased vessel;
• Phlebotrombosis;
• Obesity of subcutaneous fat clothes;
• Hyperpigmentation of the skin;
• Bleeding of varicose joints;
• Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the inner walls of the veins.

Without proper treatment, the pathology constantly progresses and goes into a permanent state, causing chronic venous insufficiency and pulmonary arterial thromboembolism. The latter refers to extremely severe complications and is full of sudden deaths.But even in a non -regulated situation, varicose veins are extremely large, significantly reducing the overall quality of the patient's life.

Pathology in men

The vein pathology has no gender.However, according to pathogenesis, the disease is conditionally divided into male and female varicose veins with their specifics of natural formation and development in each of them.Thus, the features of masculine physiology do not contribute to the formation of representatives of the strong half of humanity's problems with the veins, but there are a number of favorable factors for this.Among them:

1. Hard physical work or professional sport associated with wear or load lifting;
2. Sedentary lifestyle;

3. Poor food;
4. Genetic tendency;
5. Prolonged use of hormonal drugs;
6. Bad habits.

Varicosis develops in men most often at age 40 and is associated with increased fat of the feet, lower legs, visible edema, venous pattern on the surface of the skin, frequent convulsions and itching of the type of allergic dermatitis.In some advanced cases, blood clots and vascular infection are possible.And if at first the disease is invisible, then over time its manifestations become apparent.But the main changes occur within the veins, the walls of which are so weakened that, both on them and on them, the effect of toxic substance or infection provokes their damage.The varicose vein treatment technique in men is the same as women and has no specific features.

Pathology in women

The beautiful half of the population suffers from varicose veins several times more often than men.The favorable factors for this are:

• Wearing high -heeled or selected shoes not in accordance with the size and fullness of her foot;
• Attraction or extremely tight clothes that prevent normal blood circulation;
• The work he is looking for all day on his feet is a seller, pending administrator, hairdresser, teacher, cook, etc.;
• Hormonal changes due to pregnancy, childbirth and body -related restructuring (menopause);
• Weight experiments - frequent fluctuations in body weight, extreme diets aimed at sharp weight loss, uncontrolled group of additional pound.

Women who are frequent patients of phlebologists and cosmetologists.In an effort to maintain the aesthetic appearance of the skin as long as possible, ladies are more responsible for treating varicose veins than men, and achieve significant improvements in the clinical condition of the arterial system.

Given the increased natural tendency for varicose veins, the appearance of symptoms such as swelling of the feet, excess legs, itching of the skin and burning sensation, manifestation of small vessels and venous pattern should seriously warn a woman and become a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor.

Diagnosis of the disease

Special research methods are used to make an accurate diagnosis of varicose veins, as well as determining the degree of severity.Standard examination scheme when accessing a phlebologist consists of the following procedures:

1. Collecting the anamnesis of the disease, which create potential risk factors and causes;
2. Visual examination of the patient by changing the last position as well as palpation of vein lesion sites;
3. Laboratory blood test;
4. Duplex ultrasound color sinography of the arteries of the lower extremities, which allows you to correctly perform a medical thought, measure the speed and direction of the blood flow, to design a map of its movement, get a characteristic and a clear image of blood vessels;
5. Vascular X -Ray (phlebography) using a contrast issue to determine the appearance and shape of veins, functional valve skills and blood flow direction.

Often these research methods are sufficient enough to determine the correct clinic, however, in certain cases, they use the use of additional diagnostic methods:

• CT three -dimensional (calculated tomography) with phlebography;
• Photopletism, which envisions the use of infrared radiation and the light of a photoresistor or phototransistor;
• Phleboscintography based on the use of radionuclide isotopes, and phlebomanometry, dynamic examination of venous pressure of the lower extremities;
• Lymphoskintigraphy indicating the state and degree of change in the lymph nodes.

The need to use a particular diagnostic method is determined by the physician based on the complexity of the situation and the patient's individual clinical indicators.

A timely selected and competently selected research method allows you to determine the position of the surface and deep veins and to form an accurate scheme of the therapeutic course in accordance with the indicators.

Conservative treatment

In the initial stages, the veins with reversible varicose veins and, with a responsible approach to treatment, is completely eliminated.In other cases, to combat enlarged veins, they are directed to conservative therapy using medicines, intravenous corrective medicines and special compression linen.Each of this type of treatment has its own indications for the appointment and specifics of exposure to the diseased body.

1. Medication therapy.It implies oral use during a certain period of phlebotropic drugs - phlebotonics, anticoagulants and antioxidants - contributing to strengthening blood vessels and reducing their fragility, better blood thinning and normalization of blood flow, eliminating toxic substances accumulated by the body.For local treatment, tonic, soothing, soothing, and removal of gel edema and ointments are used.Also, vitamins B are introduced into the therapeutic complex, K, etc.The decision for the duration of treatment is made according to the results of the diagnosis and the nature of the dynamics of the disease.
2. Artery sclerotherapy.The method involves the use of special medicines that act by gluing the affected varicose veins from the inside.As a result, the reflux is stabilized and is already performed on healthy vessels.The procedure is performed invasively by the intravenous administration of the solution.Is is described with a certain condition of blood vessels and small sizes of venous joints.
3. Ozonotherapy.It is part of cosmetic medicine and consists of the influence of a cold ozone vessel on the inner space of the boat in order to climb the site of the fault.Also, the method is actively used to remove non -aesthetic vascular mesh from the surface of the skin.Effective in the initial stage of the disease.To achieve the desired result, only a few procedures are enough.
4. Compression therapy.It consists of wearing special medical freedom that creates a pressure of different intensity in different parts of the legs, which in turn helps reduce the load on the veins and restore blood circulation.Continuous use of corrective interiors protects vessels from stretching and development of thrombosis.As intended, the interior of the compression are preventive (minimum compression force), therapeutic (coated only during venous irritation) and the hospital (used in post -hospital surgery).It is produced in the form of sweater, socks, golf and an elastic bandage.The choice of compression freedom is performed only at the recommendation of a physician.

These methods of therapy have high effectiveness in uncomplicated forms of varicose veins of the lower extremities and help eliminate pain, reduce swelling, improve the valve system, increase blood flow tone, normalize blood flow, and prevent the development of adverse effects of the disease.

Surgical exposure methods to expanded veins

The operation for varicose veins is performed only in extreme cases when a deep vein lesion is diagnosed with concomitant complications.Indications for the appointment of surgical intervention are:

• Obvious deterioration of pathology;
• Development of thrombophlebitis;
• Visible expansion of subcutaneous veins;
• Strong swelling and fatigue of the lower extremities;
• Pathological violation of reflux.

Operation under general anesthesia is performed using modern surgical techniques, such as:

1. Radio -Frequency of vascular space.Reset the vein structure from the inside using available catheters and automatic radio wave generators.
2. Endiden thermal occasion with salary (SV).Impact on abundant steam flow vessels.It allows you to penetrate the most inaccessible areas of the venous canal and directly affect the deformed vessels.
3. Laser coagulation of the veins.It involves the use of a laser beam run in a sick vein.The procedure leaves no incisions, burns and wounds.
4. The technique that consists of adhering the blood vessel valves with special biological glue.
5. Varadi method.The most complex treatment method, which involves removing the affected vessel.Thanks to 100% of efficiency, it is one of the methods of priority of neurosurgery.

Despite the high effectiveness of surgical treatment, it is often done in combination with conservative methods of therapy.This approach allows you to speed up the recovery process and safely adjust the result.

Rehabilitation

During the recovery period and in the future, a competent rehabilitation program helps fight the varicose veins of the lower extremities, including periodic medication therapy, as well as compliance with the rules of a healthy lifestyle and the implementation of therapeutic gymnastics.

In addition to the physical education of the sanatorium, a patient with a diagnosis of varicose veins, regardless of the developmental stage and rehabilitation period, improve blood circulation and prevent blood stagnation in the veins, is useful for wearing medical corrective internal.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing vein pathology, it is enough to adhere to simple but effective tips:

• Try to lead an active imageYou also live with static work - move more, periodically change your position, make short breaks for gymnastics or rest;
• Do not throw a leg in the foot during the seat;
• Do not wear squeeze things strongly;
• Reject high heels or occasionally wear;
• Treat chronic circulatory disorders, especially hemorrhoids;
• As a sports hobby, choose bike walks and swimming;
• During the rest, place your feet above the level of the heart;
• Review the power system and include useful diet products;
• Check your weight and try to keep it in constant size;
• Abandon bad habits - smoking, alcohol, abuse of fatty foods, etc.;
• Take a contrast shower;
• Use a large amount of fluid during the day - from 1.5 to 2 liters;
• Avoid long -term stay in the sun.

Applying these simple recommendations will help not only slow down the development of varicose veins and facilitate unpleasant discomfort in the lower extremities, but also warns of its appearance in the future.

The treatment of varicose veins has a series of reviews depending on the complexity of the diagnosis and therapy method.

"I ran to varicose veins during pregnancy. I didn't get anything for the birth of children. But after being forced to take emergency measures. I treated veins with ointments and pills, as the situation was not catastrophic. Now I was periodically examined by a phlebologist.

"I learned about varicose veins thanks to sports. Regular loads did not go unnoticed and poured into the progressive veins with left foot varicose. The usual treatment did not help me, I had to do the surgery. I was extremely afraid, but now I was happy to agree.